Size communication in domestic dog, Canis familiaris, growls

Size Communication in Dogs

A.M. Taylor, D. Reby, K. McComb

Size communication in domestic dog, Canis familiaris, growls

Animal Behaviour, Volume 79, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 205–210

ABSTRACT

In many species, body size is a key determinant of the outcome of agonistic interactions, and receivers are expected to attend to size cues when assessing competitors' signals. Several mammal vocalizations, including domestic dog growls, encode reliable information about caller body size in the dispersion of formant frequencies. To test whether adult domestic dogs attend to formant dispersion when presented with the growls of their conspecifics, we played recordings of resynthesized growls where the size-related variation in formant frequency spacing was manipulated independently of all other parameters. Subjects from three different size groups (small, medium and large dogs) were presented with playbacks of growls where formant frequencies had been rescaled to correspond to a dog 30% smaller or 30% larger than themselves. While large dogs systematically displayed more motivation to interact when growls simulated a smaller intruder, small dogs did not respond differentially to the playback conditions. However, the small dogs responded significantly less than all other size groups to both playback conditions. Our results suggest that domestic dogs are able to perceive size-related information in growls, and more specifically that they are able to adapt their behavioural response as a function of the perceived intruder's size relative to their own.

Hemispheric specialization in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) for processing different types of acoustic stimuli

Anna Reinholz-Trojan, Ewelina Włodarczyk, Maciej Trojan, Adam Kulczyński, Joanna Stefańska

Hemispheric specialization in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) for processing different types of acoustic stimuli

Behavioural Processes, Volume 91, Issue 2, October 2012, Pages 202–205

Abstract

Lateralization is considered to be a fundamental feature of vertebrate brains. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of functional cerebral asymmetry on processing of auditory stimuli in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) during the orientation reaction. The experiment was conducted on 46 dogs (25 females and 21 males). Four types of auditory stimuli were used in the experiment (three meaningful stimuli: cat meowing, dog barking, the “sit” command (“siad” in Polish), and a neutral word (“wir”, meaning “whirl” in Polish). It was predicted that the orientation reaction (turning the head towards the stimuli) would take place only in the case of meaningful sounds. It was also expected that dogs would show consistent lateralization. As predicted, all three meaningful stimuli elicited the orientation reaction. The response of the examined dogs to cat meowing showed significant lateralization with dominant leftwards movement, which hints towards activation of the right cerebral hemisphere and may be related to strong emotions evoked by this stimulus. Contrary to results of previous studies, dogs reacting to dog barking turned their heads leftwards more often, which suggests activation of the right cerebral hemisphere, probably related to the emotional meaning of the stimulus. The “sit” command consistently evoked the orientation reaction but there was no significant lateralization of this movement.

‘The bone is mine’: affective and referential aspects of dog growls

Tamás Faragó, Péter Pongrácz, Friederike Range, Zsófia Virányi, Ádám Miklósi

‘The bone is mine’: affective and referential aspects of dog growls

Animal Behaviour, Volume 79, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 917–925

Abstract

A number of species are considered to use functionally referential signals such as alarm calls or food-related vocalizations. However, this particular function of communicative interaction has not previously been found in canids. We provide the first experimental indication that domestic dogs, Canis familiaris, rely on context-dependent signals during interspecific agonistic encounters. We recorded several sequences of growls from dogs in three different contexts: during play, guarding a bone from another dog, and reacting to a threatening stranger. We analysed the acoustic structure of the growls and additionally performed playback tests in a seminatural food-guarding situation. We found that play growls differed acoustically from the other two (agonistic) types of growls, mainly in their fundamental frequencies and formant dispersions. Results of the playback experiment showed that food-guarding growls deterred other dogs from taking away a seemingly unattended bone more effectively than growls recorded in the threatening stranger situation. We ruled out an effect of the signaller's body weight on the subjects' responses. These results provide the first evidence of context specificity of agonistic vocalizations in the dog. We discuss the possible aspects of honesty and deception through acoustic modulation of growls.